Over the past decade alone, local and state health departments lost 20% of their workforce, and local health department budgets shrank by as much as 24%. Consider one example: Over the past 15 years, 11 local public health labs closed in California, which hampered our ability to test for COVID-19, a key criterion for safely re-opening businesses, schools, and other gatherings. Almost all funding sources for local health departments have been declining at the same time that public health threats are growing – such as natural disasters, Zika, Ebola and now COVID-19.